नमस्कार मित्रांनो इयत्ता बारावी Biology या Subject च्या Practical मध्ये PART - B: Demonstration Experiments (Spotting) हा भाग Practical Exam च्या दृष्टीने फार महत्त्वाचा आहे. या Blog Post मध्ये आपण Spotting Practical Number 11: Study of morphological adaptations of animals, found in xeric and aquatic conditions or habitats. ह्या Practical Experiment चे Answer पाहणार आहोत. खाली दिलेल्या उत्तरांमध्ये काही अडचण असल्यास आम्हाला comment करा किंवा तुमच्या संबंधीत विषय शिक्षकांशी चर्चा करा.
B. DEMONSTRATION EXPERIMENTS (Spotting)
11. Study of morphological adaptations of animals, found in xeric and aquatic conditions or habitats.
Aim: Study of two animals each found in xeric (desert) and aquatic conditions (habitats) with respect to their morphological adaptations.
Desert animals show adaptations for conservation of water and to deal with extreme diurnal temperature fluctuations.
1. Camel (Camelus spp) :
• It is a xerocole animal adapted to the desert conditions. It can tolerate a wide range of temperature fluctuations.
• It excretes concentrated urine in order to conserve water.
• It accumulates fat in the hump so that heat flows away from the body and inward flow of heat is prevented.
• Camel can even close its nostrils to stop blowing sand from entering nostrils. It is a two-toed ungulate showing presence of hooves instead of claws on the feet. Flat and wide feet help it to walk easily over soft sand.
• It is capable of drinking large amounts of water (about 100th liters) in a short time (about 10 amount minutes).
• It has long eye-lashes that protect the eye from sand dunes/strong winds.
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| Fig. 11.1 : Camel |
2. Kangaroo rat (Dipodomys spp) :
It is a xerocole rodent. It is nocturnal in the habit of avoiding the heat of the day and to have humid air inside. It seals its burrow during daytime to prevent the loss of moisture. It obtains metabolic water and has the ability to derive hygroscopic water from dry seeds which it eats. Kangaroo rat neither sweat nor pant to keep itself cool.
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| Fig. 11.2 : Kangaroo rat |
Adaptations of animals found in aquatic conditions (habitats).
Aquatic animals show special adaptations for aquatic habitats.
1. Fresh water fish Rohu (Labeo rohita) :
• Body is laterally compressed and streamlined in order to minimize resistance of water and thus to reduce friction with water.
• It shows the presence of gills for respiration which help in exchange of gases in water.
• Paired fins help in swimming and caudal fin acts as steering during swimming (i.e. changing direction).
• Body is covered by scales, to prevent osmotic entry of water into the body.
• Labeo is ammonotelic.
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| Fig. 11.3 : Labeo rohita (Rohu) |
2. Dolphin (Delphinus spp) :
• Used It is a mammal and not a fish.
• Phone It has a streamlined, smooth and furless body to reduce friction.
• It has a backward curving dorsal side and dorsal fin. Snout is beak like.
• The position of the nostrils near the top of the head, facilitates easy breathing when the animal reaches the surface of water for breathing.
• Flippers in dolphin can control for steering, slowing and going up or down or out of water.
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| Fig. 11.4 : Dolphin |
Questions
1. Enlist morphological adaptations in desert animals.
Ans :- i) Desert animals often have thick fur or scales to reduce water loss.
ii) They may possess elongated limbs or ears for heat dissipation.
iii) Fat-storing structures like humps (in camels) provide energy and water during scarcity.
2. Enlist the morphological adaptations in aquatic animals.
Ans :- i) Streamlined body shapes reduce resistance while swimming.
ii) The presence of fins and flippers aids in efficient movement in water.
iii) Gills are specialized structures for extracting oxygen from water.
3. Give functions of:
a. Hump
Ans :- Stores fat, which can be metabolized to provide energy and water during food scarcity.
b. Gills
Ans :- Facilitate respiration by extracting dissolved oxygen from water.
c. Flipper
Ans :- Aid in swimming and steering in aquatic environments.
d. Caudal fin
Ans :- Provides propulsion and helps in maintaining balance while swimming.
4. Enlist cursorial adaptations in desert animals.
Ans :- i) Long legs for efficient movement over hot sand and rough terrain.
ii) Hard, padded feet to prevent sinking into sand.
iii) Lightweight body structure to conserve energy while running or walking.
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