नमस्कार विद्यार्थी मित्रांनो Study of population density and frequency of different plant populations, by quadrat method हे प्रॅक्टिकल Experiments to be performed - PART A मधील आहे. याचाच अर्थ तुम्हाला हे प्रॅक्टिकल Exam मध्ये Examiner ला Performe करून दाखवायचे आहे. म्हणूनच प्रॅक्टिकल Exam च्या दृष्टीने हे Experiment अतिशय महत्त्वाचे आहे. या ब्लॉग मध्ये आपण Practical Book मधील या Experiment Number - 8 ची उत्तरे पाहणारं आहोत. ही उत्तरे काळजीपूर्वक वाचून आपल्या Practical Book मध्ये लिहा किंवा तुमच्या कॉलेजमधील संबंधित विषय शिक्षकांची मदत घ्या.
8. Study of population density and frequency of different plant populations, by quadrat method.
Aim :- To study population density and frequency of plant populations, by quadrat method.
Principle :-
1. All the different types of individual plants growing at a particular space or geographical area at a particular time, forms (constituents) plant population of that area.
2. It changes from time to time and may increase or decrease due to many different factors.
3. The number of individuals of a species present per unit area at a given time is called population density.
4. The population density (D) can be calculated as D = N/S. Where N = Number of individuals of a species and S = Units of space of area (number of quadrates).
5. The population density can be determined by the marking quadrants of suitable size and recording the number of individuals of the each species of occurring in the quadrat.
6. Population density = \(\frac{Total number of individuals of a species in all the quadrats studied (N)}{Total no. of quadrats studied (S)}\)
7. Percentage frequency (F) = \(\frac{Total number of quadrats in which species occurred}{Total no. of quadrats studied}×100\)
8. Abundance (A) = \(\frac{Total number of individuals of species}{No. of quadrants in which species occured}\)
Requirements :- Meter scale, string, nails, paper, pencil, etc.
Procedure :-
1. With the help of nails and string prepare four quadrates of suitable size at number of places randomly. (A quadrat is a squarish geographical area of suitable size used as a unit for study of vegetation)
2. Count the number of each plant species present in every quadrat.
3. Record data in the observation table and calculate population density and percentage frequency of different species by using formula given above.
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| No. | Plant species | No. of individuals per quadrat | Total no. of individuals in all the quadrats studied (N) | Total no. of quadrats in which the species occurred (A) | Total no. of quadrats studied (B) | Population density | Frequency percentage | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||||
| 1 | Sp. a | 13 | 8 | 12 | 13 | 11 | 57 | - | 5 | 11.4 | - |
| 2 | Sp. b | 11 | 12 | 14 | 9 | 13 | 59 | - | 5 | 11.8 | - |
| 3 | Sp. c | 12 | 12 | 1 | 12 | 12 | 49 | - | 5 | 9.8 | - |
| 4 | Sp. d | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 07 | - | 5 | 1.4 | - |
| 5 | Sp. e | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 26 | - | 5 | 5.2 | - |
| 6 | Sp. f | 6 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 26 | - | 5 | 5.2 | - |
Questions
1. What do you mean by population?
Ans :- A population refers to organisms of the same kind living in the same geographical area.
2. What is population density? How it can be calculated?
Ans :- Population density refers to the number of individuals present per unit space at a given time. It is calculated by dividing the total number of individuals of a species in all the quadrats by the total number of quadrats studied.
3. What is a quadrat?
Ans :- A quadrat is a square area of suitable size used as a unit for studying vegetation.
4. How is the frequency percentage calculated?
Ans :- Frequency percentage is calculated by dividing the total number of quadrats in which a species occurred by the total number of quadrats studied, then multiplying by 100.
5. How to calculate abundance of plant species? Why it should be calculated in quadrat studies.
Ans :- Abundance of a plant species is calculated by dividing the total number of individuals of the species by the number of quadrats in which the species occurred. The abundance value reveals the status of a species in an ecosystem.
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